(Note: I'M NOT recommending BASIC here, read further...)
Way back when all home computers powered on instantly to an OK prompt where you could type in BASIC programs. This encouraged a lot of hobbyists to experiment and become programmers.
These days, all computers can still be programmed by the user but either you have to download a giant, intimidating dev environment, or you have to dig around to find the scripting language for your system and dig much further to find docs.
Since Ubuntu is based on programming by its users, I think it should encourage programming by installing, distributing, promoting a friendly scripting IDE. Probably Python since it has fairly simple syntax.
Pippy could be back-ported to Ubuntu:
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Pippy
It should come with a friendly tutorial utilizing lots of cartoons (like the old Getting Started With Color BASIC for the TRS-80 CoCo).
Also, like the OLPC XO-1, you should be able to easily get to the source of any script based programs on your system. If it's written in Python, be able to right-click it and pop it up in the friendly IDE.
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